Njengoko amandla ehlabathi efuna ukunyuka kwaye ukungxamiseka kwezisombululo ezizinzileyo kukhula, iiprojekthi zamandla oluntu zivela njengendlela ethembisayo yokuguqula indlela esenza ngayo, ukusasaza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. La manyathelo, axhobisa uluntu lwengingqi ukuba luvelise kwaye lulawule amandla alo, luya lukhula kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngaba oorhulumente behlabathi banokuwasebenzisa ngcono amandla abantu ngeeprojekthi zamandla oluntu? Impendulo isenokuba kumava amazwe asele esamkele le modeli.
Ukuqaphela ezi zibonelelo kunye nemingeni, abanye oorhulumente behlabathi baqala ukwamkela iiprojekthi zamandla oluntu njengendlela yokutshintsha kwiinkqubo zamandla ezizinzileyo ngelixa bexhobisa uluntu lwengingqi.
EUnited States, ingcamango yamandla oluntu ayintsha, amazwe amaninzi sele ethembele kakhulu kwiimbumba (co-ops) ezenza uluntu luxhase kwaye lutyale kwiinethiwekhi zabo zamandla zendawo. Ezi co-op, ezingabanini kwaye ziqhutywa ngamalungu oluntu, zibonelela ngemodeli yokuzimela kwamandla engingqi enokuthi iveliswe kwihlabathi jikelele.
NgoJanuwari ka-2024, i-UK yabona umsitho obalulekileyo owakha wagqithiselwa iifama zelanga kubunini babahlali. Iifama ezisibhozo zesola, ezinomthamo odityanisiweyo ongaphezulu kwama-70 MW, zatshintshelwa kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo ephawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo elibhekiselele kwidemokhrasi yamandla e-UK.
KwiYurophu iphela, amazwe ahlukeneyo azama iiprojekthi zamandla oluntu. Ngokomzekelo, iJamani inesiko elomeleleyo lemibutho yamandla ekhokelwa ngabemi. Ezi projekthi zibe negalelo elikhulu kumandla ombane ahlaziyekayo welizwe, abonisa amandla okutshintsha kwamandla aqhutywa luluntu.
Ngokufanayo, amazwe ahlukeneyo aqala ukuqaphela amandla eeprojekthi zamandla oluntu. La manyathelo akapheleli nje ekuhambiseleni phambili ukuveliswa kwamandla kodwa akhuthaza uthethathethwano lwasekhaya, uphuhliso loqoqosho, kunye nokwazisa ngendalo esingqongileyo.
Iiprojekthi zamandla oluntu zinokuvuselela uqoqosho lwengingqi ngokudala imisebenzi kunye nokugcina ingeniso yamandla phakathi koluntu. Ubunini bendawo buthetha ukuba ingeniso evela kwimveliso yamandla iphinda ityalwe kwindawo, ukuxhasa amanye amashishini kunye neenkonzo zasekhaya. Ngokuvelisa amandla abo, uluntu lunokunciphisa ukuthembela kwabo kubaboneleli bamandla bangaphandle. Oku kuzimela komeleza ukhuseleko lwamandla kwaye kunokukhusela uluntu kumaxabiso aguquguqukayo ombane kunye nokuphazamiseka konikezelo.
Iiprojekthi zamandla oluntu zihlala zijolise kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo efana nelanga, umoya, kunye ne-biomass, ezi projekthi zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kwaye negalelo kumlo wehlabathi wokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Imveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo ekuhlaleni nayo yehlisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo eyayanyaniswa nokuhanjiswa kwamandla kwimigama emide. Ukubandakanya amalungu oluntu kwiiprojekthi zamandla kukhuthaza imvakalelo yobunini noxanduva kwaye olu thethathethwano lunokukhokelela ekuqondweni okukhulu kweepateni zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuzinzileyo. Uluntu olubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwizigqibo zamandla kunokwenzeka ukuba luxhase kwaye luthethelele amaphulo ombane ahlaziyekayo.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iiprojekthi zamandla oluntu zinokukhokelela ekongiweni kweendleko ezibalulekileyo kubahlali, ngokucutha abaphakathi kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zothumelo, amandla avela ekuhlaleni anganexabiso eliphantsi kunemithombo yamandla eqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo lunokuhlawula ixesha elide ngokunciphisa amatyala ombane kunye neendleko eziphantsi zogcino.
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezininzi, iindleko zangaphambili zokuseka iziseko zophuhliso lwamandla anokuphinda zibe nkulu. Ukufumana inkxaso-mali kwezi projekthi kunokuba ngumqobo obonakalayo, ngakumbi kuluntu oluncinci olunezibonelelo zemali ezinqongopheleyo. Ukuphumeza nokugcina iinkqubo zamandla ahlaziyekayo kukwafuna ubuchwephesha bobugcisa kwaye uluntu kufuneka lube nobungcaphephe okanye lube nofikelelo kwinkxaso yangaphandle, nto leyo enokuba ngumceli mngeni weendleko kunye nolungiselelo.
Ukuhamba kwindlela yokulawula ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kunokuba nzima. Uluntu lunokujongana nemiqobo enokulibazisa ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi okanye ukonyusa iindleko. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi bexhasa imbono yamandla avuselelekayo, iiprojekthi ezithile zinokujongana nenkcaso evela kubahlali ngenxa yenkxalabo malunga nobuhle, ingxolo, okanye iimpembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho kokusingqongileyo, ezinokuthi zibe nzima uphuhliso lweprojekthi.
Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo efana nelanga nomoya iphakathi, oku kuthetha ukuba imveliso yawo yamandla inokuguquguquka. Oku kuphazamiseka kunokubeka imingeni ekuqinisekiseni unikezelo lwamandla oluzinzile noluthembekileyo, oludinga iinkqubo zokulondoloza okanye izisombululo zokugcina ezongeza ubunzima kunye neendleko.
Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukubanakho kweeprojekthi zamandla oluntu, amanyathelo acwangcisiweyo amaninzi ayimfuneko. Oorhulumente banokuququzelela la manyathelo ngokubonelela ngezikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezixhasayo, ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zolawulo, ukunikezela ngenkuthazo yemali, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa. Iindlela ezintsha zenkxaso-mali, ezifana nenkxaso-mali, imali-mboleko enenzala ephantsi, kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali ngabantu abaninzi, kunokunceda uluntu loyise imingeni yokuqala yotyalo-mali, okwangoku, ukufikelela kubuchwephesha bobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo kubalulekile ekujongeni iingxaki zeprojekthi. Ukuphakamisa ulwazi malunga neenzuzo kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kunokwakha inkxaso yengingqi kunye nokubandakanyeka, ngelixa ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi koluntu, oorhulumente, kunye namahlakani kunokuphucula impumelelo kunye nokunyuka kwamanyathelo.
Iiprojekthi zamandla oluntu zinamandla okuguqula indlela esivelisa ngayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubeka amandla ngokoqobo ezandleni zabantu. La manyathelo angaqhuba uphuhliso loqoqosho lwasekhaya, ukwandisa ukuzimela kwamandla, kunye negalelo ekuzinzeni kokusingqongileyo kwaye, ngelixa kukho imingeni, ukukhula okukhulayo emva kweeprojekthi zamandla oluntu kwihlabathi jikelele kubonisa ikamva eliqaqambileyo apho uluntu luhamba phambili kwinguqu yamandla.
Polesaver ngumenzi okhokelayo weemveliso zokwandisa ubomi bomthi kwaye usebenza nezinto eziluncedo kwihlabathi jikelele. Dibana no ukubona ukuba njani Polesaver zinganceda iiprojekthi zamandla oluntu lwakho.
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